الدرس الاول في اختراق شبكات الويرلس

ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﺭﺣﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ
ﺍﻧﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺣﺸﺮﺣﻠﻜﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺊ
ﻋﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻳﺮﻟﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ
ﻟﻠﻴﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺍ ﻣﺘﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ
ﺍﺗﻤﻨﻰ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺟﺪﺍ
ﺟﺪﺍ
ﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻡ ﻧﺒﺪﺃ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ
ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺩﻯ
ﻭﺩﻯ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ
- ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ IP
- ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟـ ISP
- ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ TCP/IP packet
- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ spoof ﻟﻠـ IP
- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ Telnet
- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ HyperTerminal
- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ Ping
- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ TraceRoute
- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ proxy server
- ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ IP :
IP ﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻟـ Internet Protocol ,
ﻭﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ
ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻳﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ
ﺍﻭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ , ﻭﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺄﻱ
ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺘﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺭﻗﻤﺎﻥ , IP
ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ
ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ IP ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ
ﺍﺳﻤﺎﺋﻬﻢ .
ﻭﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻱ ﺑﻲ
ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻻﺩﻭﺍﺕ ,,,, ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﺜﻼ :
- ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻡ
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻻﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ
ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـ log
- ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻱ
ﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟـ IRC
- ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ICQ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺣﺪ
ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ
ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ do"
not show ip" ﻓﺒﺄﻣﻜﺎﻧﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻀﺎ
ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ
- ﺍﺫﺍ ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﺒﺄﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ "systat"
ﻭﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ
- ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻳﺒﻌﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ
ﻋﻠﻰ IP-logging java ﻭﺑﻜﺪﻩ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ
ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ
ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﺧﺮﻯ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻢ IP ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ
ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﺟﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ Sub7 ﺍﻭ .NetBus
---------------------------------------------
- ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟـ ISP :
ISP ﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ Internet
Service Provider ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ
ﺑﻴﻮﺻﻠﻚ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺖ ﺑﺘﺪﺧﻞ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ
dial-up ,,, ﻭﺑﺄﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮ
ﺍﻟـ ISP ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ
traceroute ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻚ ..
ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
tracert 222.222.22.22
Tracing route to [221.223.24.54]
over a maximum of 30 hops.
1 147ms 122ms 132ms your.isp
[222.222.22.21]
2 122ms 143ms 123ms
isp.firewall [222.222.22.20]
3 156ms 142MS 122ms aol.com
[207.22.44.33]
4 * * * Request timed out
5 101ms 102ms 133ms
cisco.router [194.33.44.33]
6 233ms 143ms 102ms
something.ip [111.11.11.11]
7 222ms 123ms 213ms
netcom.com [122.11.21.21]
8 152ms 211ms 212ms
blahblah.tts.net [121.21.21.33]
9 122ms 223ms 243ms
altavista.34.com [121.22.32.43]
<<< target's isp
10 101ms 122ms 132ms
221.223.24.54.altavista.34.com
[221.223.24.54]
Trace complete
ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ TCP/IP packet :
TCP/IP ﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻟـ Transmission
Control Protocol ﻭ Internet
.. Protocol ﻭﺍﻟـ TCP/IP packet ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ
ﻋﻦ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ , ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﺩﻱ ﺑﺘﺤﺘﻮﻱ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﺳﻤﻬﺎ , header ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺪﺭ ﺩﻩ
ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺤﺪﺩ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ
ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻼﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ,
ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﻩ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺮ
ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ , ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟـ
header ﻓﻲ ﺣﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻱ ﺑﻲ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ , ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻜﺮﻩ ﺍﻧﺖ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ
ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻚ packet ﺍﻭ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ
ﻛﺄﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﺧﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ
ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ
ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ
ﺍﺩﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻭ ﺭﻭﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻱ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺖ
ﻋﺎﻳﺰﻫﺎ ... ﻟﻜﻦ ﺧﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ .. ﻋﻠﺸﺎﻥ
ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺩﻱ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ
ﺑﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻴﻨﻴﻜﺲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻓﺮﻟﻚ
ﺍﺩﺍﻭﺕ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺗﻨﻔﺬ ﺑﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺩﻱ ...
ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺩﻩ ﻣﺶ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ .
---------------------------------------------
- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ spoof ﻟﻠـ : IP
ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺜﻞ
Genius 2 ﺍﻭ DC IS .. ﻭﺩﻭﻝ ﻫﺎﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﻳﺪﻳﻨﺖ ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻚ ,, IdentD
ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻙ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺖ , ﻭﺑﺄﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ IRC ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ
ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ
ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻻﻳﺪﻳﻨﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝ spoof
ﺍﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺤﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ
ﺭﻭﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻯ ... ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻥ
ﺍﻻﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﻫﺎﻳﺘﺨﺰﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـ
logs ﻫﺎﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻭﺭ
---------------------------------------------
- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ : Telnet
ﺑﺄﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟـ telnet ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﻪ ﻋﻦ
ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻰ Start Menu ﺛﻢ
ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ Run ﺛﻢ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ Telnet
ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ Terminal >
, Preferences ﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ buffer
size ﻭ font ﻭﺍﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﺧﺮﻯ , ﻛﻤﺎ
ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻏﻼﻕ local"
. "echo ﻭﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻭ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ
local echo ﻓﺴﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺄﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ
ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺗﻜﺘﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻨﺖ ﻛﻤﺎ
ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻤﻘﺪﻭﺭﻙ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﻣﺎﻳﻜﺘﺒﻪ
ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ .
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻨﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﻈﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﺑـ telnet port ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺭﻗﻢ
, 23 ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻧﺖ ﺑﻤﻘﺪﻭﺭﻙ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ
ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﺔ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺧﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻮﺭﺕ
ﺭﻗﻢ 25 ﺑﺘﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻭ ﺑﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻗﻢ 21
ﻟﺨﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﻝ FTP ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺭﺗﺎﺕ ,,,,
ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻻﻻﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ
ﻭﺟﻬﺘﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ .
---------------------------------------------
- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ HyperTerminal :
HyperTerminal ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ "server"
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻟﻴﻘﻮﻡ
ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ
ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺍﻧﺖ
ﺗﺤﺪﺩﻫﺎ
ﻭﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ HyperTerminal ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻰ
Start > Programs > Accessories >
Communications >
. HyperTerminal ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ
ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ .. ﻟﺬﺍ ﻗﻢ
ﺑﺄﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ "TCP/IP Winsock" ﺛﻢ ﺣﺪﺩ
ﺍﻟﻬﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻻﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺛﻢ ﺣﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺭﺕ
ﻭﺍﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻭ .. Call ﻭﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺗﺨﻠﻲ
ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻭ
listening ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ
ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ Call > Wait for Call , ﻛﻤﺎ
ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻋﻤﻞ Chat ﺍﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ
ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ
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- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ : Ping
ﺍﺩﺍﺓ Ping ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺑﺴﻂ ﺍﻻﺩﻭﺍﺕ ,
ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻧﻚ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ MS-DOS
prompt ﺛﻢ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ping"
ip.address, " ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﺎﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﺞ
ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ , ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻧﺖ
ﺑﺄﻣﻜﺎﻧﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ :
"ping ip.address -t"
ﻭﺩﻩ ﻳﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﺞ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ,
ﻭﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﺔ ..
ﺍﻛﺘﺐ :
"ping -l (size) ip.address"
ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ Ping ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ
ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﺩﺍﺗﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ
ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ
ﺍﻧﺖ ﺍﺭﺳﻠﺘﻬﺎ , ﻭﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺗﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ
ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺯ . ﻭ ﺍﻟـ Ping ﺍﻳﻀﺎ
ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻪ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﻬﻨﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻭ
ﺍﻧﻬﻴﺎﺭﻩ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ ping
floods ﺍﻱ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺣﺰﻡ ﻛﺜﻴﺮﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ
ﺍﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻰ
ﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ . Windows 98 ﻣﻤﻜﻦ
ﻳﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ping
flood ﻋﻠﻴﻪ , ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻻﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺞ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ
ﺑﺄﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟـ
bandwidth ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﻊ
ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻭ ﺗﻬﻨﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ .
ﻭﺍﺣﺐ ﺍﻭﺿﺢ ﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ Ping
flooding ﺿﺪ ﺍﻻﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﺯﻱ
ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺪﻱ
ﻭﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ : ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ t- ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺞ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ
ﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﻠﻮﻭﺩ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ , ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﻤﻞ
ﺑﻨﺞ ﻟﻠﻬﺪﻑ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ . ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﺎﺕ Unix ﺍﻭ Linux ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﻴﺔ ping -f ﻟﻌﻤﻞ
ﻓﻠﻮﻭﻭﺩ ﺑﻨﺞ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻝ
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- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ : TraceRoute
ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ TraceRoute ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ
ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻱ ﺑﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ , ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﺜﻼ
ﻟﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ
ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﻭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ , ﻛﻞ
ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻧﻚ ﺗﻔﺘﺢ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ MS-DOS
prompt ﺛﻢ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ tracert"
ip.address" ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ
ﺑﺎﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﻭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ
ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ . ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺩﻱ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ
ﺗﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ firewalls ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﻩ
ﺍﻭ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ISP (internet service
(provider ﻻﻱ ﺷﺨﺺ
ﻭﺳﺎﻗﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻥ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﻭﻣﻮﺟﺰ
ﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ TraceRoute ﻟﻜﻲ
ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ :
ﺍﻭﻻ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻚ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ TraceRoute ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺍﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻙ
ﺑﺎﺭﺳﺎﻝ TCP/IP packet ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟـ header ﺑﺘﺎﻉ
ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ , ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ TTL
ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻟـ Time To Live . ﻭﻋﻨﺪ
ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﻭﺗﺮﺍﺕ
ﻓﺘﻨﻘﺺ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ TTL ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ
ﻛﻞ ﺭﺍﻭﺗﺮ ﺍﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ , ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻜﺎﻳﺔ ﺩﻱ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ
ﺟﺪﺍ .. ﻻﻥ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻱ ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ
ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﺗﻔﻀﻞ
ﻣﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ
ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟـ
, bandwidth ﻭﻟﻬﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ
ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟـ TTL ﻭﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮ ..
ﻓﺘﻤﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ
ICMP ﺑﺄﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺧﻄﺄ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺮﺳﻞ
ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ
ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻓﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ
ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺮﺳﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ
ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﻭﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻥ
ﺗﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ
ﺍﺗﻤﻨﻰ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﻮ ﻓﻬﻤﺘﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﺓ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠـ TraceRoute
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- ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ proxy server :
ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻱ
ﻣﻦ proxy server ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ
ﺍﻧﺖ ﻋﺎﻭﺯﻩ , ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﺪ ﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻗﻢ
ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ telnet ﺍﻭ
hyperterminal ﺍﻭ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺪﻩ
ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺄﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ
ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻛﺴﻲ ﻭﺑﻜﺪﻩ ﻓﻠﻦ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﺣﺪ
ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻻﻱ ﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻟك

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